What hunting caliber and energy minimums do states require?

State minimums vary widely. Texas (31 TAC 65.11) requires at least .30 caliber, 150-grain bullet, and either 800 fps minimum or 215 ft-lbs muzzle energy for deer-class game, and at least .177 at 600 fps for small game.

Virginia (4VAC15-270-96) requires .35 caliber or larger for deer. Pennsylvania (58 Pa. Code 141.22) currently allows airguns for small game in .177 to .22 only and does not yet permit big-game hunting with airguns. West Virginia requires .45 caliber and 200-grain minimum for big game. Always check current state regulations, which change frequently.